Volcano Tour: Visiting Iceland's Most Active Sites

Iceland sits atop the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, where the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates pull apart at a rate of 2.5 centimetres annually. This geological theatre produces roughly 130 volcanic mountains and fissure systems, making it one of Earth's most volcanically active regions. For adventure seekers, Iceland's volcanic sites offer unparalleled access to raw geological forces—from hiking across fresh lava fields to witnessing active eruptions.

Understanding Iceland's Volcanic Landscape

The island's volcanic activity stems from two primary sources: the Mid-Atlantic Ridge running north-south through the country's centre, and the Iceland hotspot beneath Vatnajökull glacier. This combination creates diverse volcanic phenomena, from explosive stratovolcanoes to gentle shield volcanoes and dramatic fissure eruptions.

Iceland's volcanic zones include the Western Volcanic Zone, Eastern Volcanic Zone, Northern Volcanic Zone, and the off-rift Snæfellsnes and Öræfajökull systems. Each zone exhibits distinct characteristics, offering varied experiences for volcano tourists.

Fagradalsfjall: The People's Volcano

The Reykjanes Peninsula's Fagradalsfjall system captured global attention with its 2021 eruption, creating Iceland's most accessible volcanic spectacle in decades. Located just 32 kilometres from Reykjavík, this site offers the rare opportunity to observe active volcanism safely.

The hiking trail begins from the Fagradalsfjall car park, following a well-marked 3.2-kilometre path across moss-covered lava fields. The route gains 250 metres elevation, taking most hikers 45-60 minutes each way. The trail remains open year-round, though winter conditions require proper equipment including microspikes and warm clothing.

Practical Considerations

Access the trailhead via Route 427 from Grindavík. Parking costs 750 ISK (€5) per day. The site lacks facilities, so bring sufficient water and snacks. Weather changes rapidly; check conditions at Vedur.is before departing. Guided tours from Reykjavík cost 12,900-19,900 ISK (€89-138) including transport.

Even when dormant, the area showcases fresh lava formations, still-warm rock surfaces, and ongoing geological processes. The stark beauty of new land formation provides profound insights into Iceland's volcanic nature.

Hekla: The Gateway to Hell

Medieval Europeans called Hekla "the Gateway to Hell" due to its frequent explosive eruptions. This 1,491-metre stratovolcano has erupted over 20 times since settlement, most recently in 2000. Hekla's unpredictable nature—with minimal warning signs before eruptions—adds excitement to any visit.

The standard hiking route begins from Landmannalaugar, following the F225 mountain road accessible only by 4WD vehicles from mid-June through September. The 12-kilometre round trip ascent gains 1,000 metres elevation, requiring 6-8 hours for experienced hikers. The trail crosses loose volcanic scree and requires proper hiking boots and weather protection.

Hekla's summit offers panoramic views across the Highlands, weather permitting. The mountain's frequent cloud cover means clear summit days are precious. Check weather forecasts carefully and consider guided tours (18,900-24,900 ISK/€131-172) for safety and local expertise.

Askja and Víti Crater

Deep in the Highlands, the Askja caldera system represents Iceland's most remote major volcanic site. The 1875 eruption of Askja created devastating ashfall across northern Iceland and Scandinavia, forcing mass emigration to North America.

Víti crater, formed during this eruption, now holds a 7-metre-deep geothermal lake with water temperatures around 20-25°C. Swimming is possible but challenging due to steep access and mineral-rich water that stains clothing.

Getting There

Reaching Askja requires serious preparation. The F88 Sprengisandur route or F894 from Mývatn demands high-clearance 4WD vehicles. The journey from Ring Road takes 2-3 hours each way across river crossings and rough highland tracks. Most visitors join guided super-jeep tours (28,900-35,900 ISK/€200-249) or multi-day highland expeditions.

The site operates seasonally from late June through early September, depending on road conditions and weather. Highland weather changes rapidly; temperatures can drop below freezing even in summer.

Eyjafjallajökull: The Airport Closer

The 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption, though relatively small, demonstrated how Icelandic volcanoes impact global systems. Ash clouds grounded European flights for weeks, stranding millions of passengers. Today, this glacier-capped volcano offers excellent hiking and educational opportunities.

The Fimmvörðuháls trail between Skógar and Þórsmörk passes directly through the 2010 eruption zone. This challenging 25-kilometre hike crosses fresh lava fields, steaming vents, and two new craters: Magni and Móði. The route gains 1,100 metres elevation and requires 10-12 hours, suitable only for experienced hikers with proper equipment.

Alternative shorter hikes from Skógar follow the Skógá river partway up Fimmvörðuháls, offering glimpses of recent volcanic activity without the full commitment. Guided day tours cost 16,900-22,900 ISK (€117-159).

Krafla and Leirhnjúkur

The Mývatn region's Krafla volcanic system provides easily accessible active geothermal features. The Leirhnjúkur lava field, formed during the 1975-1984 Krafla fires, demonstrates ongoing volcanic processes with steaming vents, coloured minerals, and warm ground temperatures.

A 2.5-kilometre circular trail from Krafla geothermal power station explores this alien landscape. The well-maintained path takes 1-2 hours, suitable for most fitness levels. Interpretive signs explain geological processes in multiple languages.

The nearby Krafla caldera offers additional hiking opportunities, including the rim walk providing views into this 10-kilometre-wide volcanic depression. Access via Route 863 remains open year-round, though winter requires appropriate clothing and careful driving.

Safety and Preparation

Volcanic site visits demand respect for natural forces and proper preparation. Essential equipment includes:

- Sturdy hiking boots with ankle support

- Weather-appropriate layered clothing

- Emergency food and water (more than you think necessary)

- First aid supplies and emergency whistle

- GPS device or smartphone with offline maps

- Headtorch and spare batteries

Weather conditions change rapidly in volcanic areas. Check Safetravel.is for current conditions and register your hiking plans. Never approach active eruption sites without proper guidance and safety equipment.

Iceland's volcanic sites offer unmatched opportunities to witness Earth's creative forces firsthand. From easily accessible Fagradalsfjall to remote Askja, each location provides unique insights into the geological processes shaping our planet. Whether seeking dramatic photography, scientific understanding, or pure adventure, Iceland's volcanic landscape delivers experiences found nowhere else on Earth.

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