Hengifoss

Overview

Hengifoss stands as East Iceland's tallest waterfall at 128 metres, plunging dramatically through distinctive red and black sedimentary rock layers that tell a geological story spanning millions of years. Located in the Fljótsdalshérað valley near Lake Lagarfljót, this spectacular cascade ranks as Iceland's third-highest waterfall and represents one of the most photographed natural monuments in the eastern region.

The waterfall's defining characteristic lies in its striking backdrop of layered basalt and red clay strata, formed through alternating periods of volcanic activity and sedimentation during the Tertiary period. These horizontal bands, visible for dozens of metres on either side of the falls, create a natural canvas that shifts colour dramatically depending on lighting conditions. The combination of Hengifoss's impressive height and geological significance makes it a cornerstone attraction for visitors exploring the eastern highlands.

Below Hengifoss, the smaller but equally photogenic Litlanesfoss adds another dimension to the hiking experience, framed by distinctive hexagonal basalt columns that demonstrate Iceland's volcanic artistry. Together, these waterfalls create one of Iceland's most rewarding short hikes, accessible to most fitness levels whilst delivering genuinely spectacular natural theatre.

Quick Facts

**GPS Coordinates:** 65.0883°N, 14.8883°W

**Entry Fee:** Free

**Opening Hours:** Accessible 24/7 (parking area gates may close in winter)

**Best Time to Visit:** May to September for optimal trail conditions

**Difficulty Level:** Easy to moderate (2.5km hike each way)

**Elevation Gain:** 200 metres

**Nearest Town:** Egilsstaðir (35km southwest)

**Trail Duration:** 2-3 hours return journey

**Facilities:** Car park, basic toilet facilities (seasonal)

How to Get There

Driving

From Reykjavík, take Route 1 (Ring Road) east for approximately 470km to Egilsstaðir, a journey of roughly 5.5 hours. From Egilsstaðir, continue north on Route 1 for 25km to the junction with Route 931. Turn right (east) onto Route 931 and follow this well-maintained gravel road for 10km until you reach the Hengifoss car park on your left. The entire journey from Reykjavík covers 505km and takes approximately 6 hours.

Alternative access from Akureyri involves driving southeast on Route 1 for 215km (approximately 2.5 hours) to reach the Route 931 junction. This northern approach offers stunning views across the eastern highlands and may suit travellers exploring the Diamond Circle route.

Parking

The designated car park accommodates approximately 40 vehicles on a compacted gravel surface. Parking is free year-round, though spaces fill quickly during peak summer months (July-August) between 11:00-15:00. The car park includes basic facilities with seasonal portable toilets and an information board detailing the hiking route and geological features.

Access

The well-marked trail begins directly from the car park, following a clearly defined path that crosses the Hengifossá river via a sturdy footbridge after 200 metres. The route climbs steadily through birch scrubland and rocky terrain, with wooden steps and rope handrails installed on steeper sections. The path quality varies from compacted earth to loose rock, requiring sturdy walking boots, particularly after rainfall.

What to See and Do

The primary attraction remains the 2.5km hike to Hengifoss itself, passing Litlanesfoss at the 1.5km mark. Litlanesfoss presents a stunning 30-metre cascade framed by near-perfect hexagonal basalt columns, creating an ideal warm-up subject for photography and geological observation. The columns, formed through slow cooling of lava flows, demonstrate textbook examples of natural geometric patterns found throughout Iceland's volcanic landscapes.

Continuing upward, the trail reveals increasingly dramatic views across the Lagarfljót valley and surrounding mountains. The final approach to Hengifoss involves a steep climb over loose rock and scree, requiring careful footing but rewarding visitors with unobstructed views of the main waterfall and its remarkable geological backdrop.

At Hengifoss itself, the red clay layers contain fossilised plant remains from ancient forests, visible to careful observers and representing some of Iceland's oldest preserved organic material. Photography opportunities abound throughout the day, though morning light (09:00-11:00) provides optimal illumination of the red strata, whilst afternoon sun (14:00-16:00) creates dramatic shadows emphasising the waterfall's height and power.

Best Time to Visit

**May-June:** Optimal conditions with snowmelt maximising water flow, fewer crowds, and emerging vegetation. Trail conditions may include muddy sections and occasional snow patches above 300 metres elevation.

**July-August:** Peak season offering warmest weather and longest daylight hours, but expect significant crowds and potential parking difficulties. Water levels typically lower than spring maximums but still impressive.

**September:** Excellent compromise period with autumn colours enhancing the red rock strata, moderate crowds, and generally stable weather. Water flow remains substantial from late-season rainfall.

**October-April:** Winter access possible but challenging, requiring crampons or ice cleats for trail safety. Car park access may be restricted during severe weather. Winter photography offers unique opportunities with frozen waterfalls and snow-covered strata, though daylight hours severely limit visiting windows.

Safety

The primary hazards involve loose rock and scree on the upper section of trail, particularly when wet. The path includes several steep sections with significant drop-offs requiring attention from visitors with young children. Proper hiking boots with ankle support are essential, as the terrain becomes increasingly uneven approaching Hengifoss.

River crossings via the footbridge can become treacherous during high winds or ice formation. The bridge itself remains structurally sound but may develop slippery surfaces during frost conditions. Weather changes rapidly in this valley system, requiring visitors to carry waterproof clothing and warm layers regardless of starting conditions.

Mobile phone coverage remains intermittent throughout the hiking route, with no signal availability near Hengifoss itself. Inform others of your hiking plans and expected return time, particularly during shoulder seasons when fewer people frequent the trail.

Nearby Places

**Lagarfljót Lake** (15km): Iceland's third-largest lake, home to the legendary Lagarfljót Worm and offering scenic drives along its eastern shore with multiple viewing points and picnic areas.

**Hallormsstaðaskógur Forest** (20km): Iceland's largest forest featuring extensive hiking trails, camping facilities, and arboretum showcasing both native and imported tree species across 740 hectares.

**Seyðisfjörður** (45km): Picturesque fjord town renowned for colourful wooden buildings, Nordic culture, and ferry connections to Denmark, accessible via the dramatic Route 93 mountain pass.

**Kárahnjúkar Hydroelectric Project Viewpoint** (55km): Massive engineering project visible from designated viewing areas, offering perspectives on Iceland's renewable energy infrastructure amid highland wilderness.

**Stuðlagil Canyon** (65km): Recently revealed basalt column canyon featuring geometric rock formations and glacial river views, accessible via moderate hiking from multiple approach routes.

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